Chaitanya Sharma, Author at DU Times

THE NEW TIDE IN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

Chaitanya Sharma — Sat, 15 Jun 2024 07:38:20 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
ETHICS AND CULTURE, in all certainty, has had a holistically positive impact on my life and sense of being. The classes were a mix of theoretical and practical approaches that helped me grasp the magnitude of these essential concepts. The study material involved was wide-ranging and diverse both in terms of geography/socio-cultural environment and the basic outlook on issues pertaining to the subject. It included excerpts from Aristotle and George Elliot to the priceless teachings of Swami Vivekananda. This wide variety of material, combined with interactive classes, aided me in the development of a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

“Knowledge of India” will include knowledge from ancient India and its contributions to modern India and its successes and challenges”

MAIN BODY:
We express that the excessive stress on the aspect of experiential learning in engraved in the current education policy existing concurrently with primacy yielded to Research methodology at the undergraduate level is something which was not emphasized during our time, core opportunity of working closely with the professors and developing hypothesis with our faculty was missing and therefore we were missing on the rigorous search technique. NEP 2020 basically talks about major transformational reforms in the Indian academic sector. The main aim of this is to redesign the structure with holistic development. The disadvantage we as a student of batch 2021-2024 is facing is that the batch of NEP has more options in terms of the side subjects and these subjects are mostly skill based. They are given focus on practical knowledge mostly . We are comparatively more inclined towards theoretical knowledge.

The practical knowledge will help them in the overall development of their skills and personality. They will not be only confined to writing answers . According to NEP 2020, students will be awarded with a certificate after completing 1 year (2 semesters) of study in the chosen fields of study, a diploma after 2 years (4 semesters) of study, a bachelor’s degree after a 3-year (6 semesters) programme of study, a bachelor’s degree with honors or research after a 4-year programme. This is very interesting because in the course of 4 years they are going to get exposure to different subjects which can also be practically applied. Also, if they wish to go for a research specialization, they will have to undertake a research project in their four-year course. This will get them an Honors degree with research specialization. This will help students to utilize their academic years and they will not have to waste extra years for research. On the other hand we have to give extra years for research and further higher studies. This mainly affects the students who are preparing for competitive exams as they have to carry both in their way.
In today’s era practical knowledge holds much more importance than theoretical knowledge so instead of writing 6 to 10 page answers there should be a method to apply the topics in real life . NEP 2020 is making this possible and education has become much more interesting and light as compared to previous policies.

CONCLUSION:
People get to know about different styles of leadership and their relevance in the current world. We also learned some effective ways of communication. The spirit of being a good leader was inculcated through this course. Activities directed to leadership skills. People could be subjected to speak about our favorite political leader and also about the factors that we liked about him or her which motivates us. And a socratic-method style declamation or an Extempore in the practical class.

It is a very important tool a s in this current environment, young people like us are unable to control our emotions or we get too much overburdened with our life. Personality development is a lifelong process that involves self-awareness, self- improvement, and continuous learning. It helped me to understand myself better, including my strengths, weaknesses, values, beliefs, emotions. Personality development includes improving our communication skills, such as listening actively, expressing yourself clearly and confidently, and resolving conflicts effectively. Overall, personality development encompasses a wide range of skills, behaviors, and attitudes that contributed to my personal growth, self-improvement, and success in various areas of life. It is a lifelong journey that requires self- reflection, effort, and a willingness to learn and grow.

With a confidence in the vibrance of the philosophy as a domain, I am positive that this subject will see the light of the day and may the masses will read into the philosophical caseloads for it will help the students to “find the soul even in the inanimate objects” and to become “true artist” as per Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore. And with, I bring down the curtains of this elongated elucidation on philosophy. || ओम तत् सत् ||

REFRENCES:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Knowledge_Systems

2. https://breakthroughindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Indian-Knowledge-System.pdf

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ART AND FILM APPRECIATION

Chaitanya Sharma — Sat, 15 Jun 2024 07:20:42 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
The arts are an important part of human life and culture. They attract a large measure of attention and support from states, commercial companies and the public at large. Art is a form of self- expression. Good art does not go out of style. It reflects society. It is a unique medium to express the creator. Art gives insight into the human condition. According to Tolstoy: art is a human activity consisting of one man consciously, and experiencing them, Indirect conduit to communicate from one person to another. Art stimulates individuals’, behavioral section, emotions, sentiments, or ideas through the senses.

Art brings new dimensions into picture through expressive processes and following this meditative procedure, we have the unique form of art- the Cinema/Film section which is corroboration of plethora of diverse segments and experiences of aesthetics- my main question is whether this art, i.e cinema helps in uplifting the social happenings, takes the societal in which direction- role of censorship and its relation with art and how this has in totality affected the contemporary 21st post covid pandemic society. Films no longer thrashes people in the world of illusion and imitation, rather it is responsible for character building, and in some sense “life-preserving”. With delving into the merits of this phenomenon I endeavor to expunge the futuristic aspects of my dialect so as to comprehend things into the right perspective.

MAIN BODY:
Cinema and films have been an integral part of the human life- from Dear zindagi’s psychologist to the anti-hero robin hood, from the prem prasang to the forbidden love of raj and simran and to the condemnation of a pity father on the affair of his prince son with anarkali- all have put the audience in an awe-inspiring situation, it has affected us in ways we cannot even fathom about. Some changes have come as a larger-scale revolution and some have scaled as slow-pace corrections but one thing is for sure that this form of art has influenced us, our societies and our significant surroundings at large. The question of moral goodness is different from the question of aesthetic goodness- this is a very important aspect.

Human-psychology, social anthropogenic activities and the general sociology of human-life has undergone a significant change because of the film industry and cinematography and the Honorable Supreme court of India ascent to the view I hold with respect to cinema. The changes have conglomerate to become one single unit of massive social change stride that has led a significant change in how we humans- interact, live, work, conduct ourselves and behave in proximity of other beings- therefore signifying the way how art and object of aesthetic experience interact with us, thereby being an integral part of our lives for it be a travesty to say that Raja harish chandra didn’t inspired all of us to become a human like him or B.R Chopra’s Mahabharata didn’t inspire us to be a “tarka-pungava” like Krishna.

We have to answer the following questions in the course of this paper so that we can understand the wide-ranging impact of art in general on the human-race and the social changes existing concurrently with it, and they are as follows:-
What are the changes introduced by the movies we have been watching?
How have these movies influenced us in our personal life?

The social change introduced by the cinema has done more good or bad to our society? What is the place of censorship in the context of films and how can we justify their existence on a crucial aspect of art?

Films are said to be the composite art form primarily because they are produced by a series of various other art objects and aesthetic entities are holistically included in the making of a film shot, it has camera- photography, literature, songs, dialogues, technology, editing, screenplay of emotions, robust-feelings, great acting sequel in parallel cinema that is closely related to the European socio-cultural heading, it is composed of various art-forms, promotion production and manufacturing is also closely associated to various novel ways which signifies its abbreviation as a composite art-form, an art form that been curated by addition of all other art-forms. The ordinary spatio-temporal experiences and the marvelous sadharanikaran during films plays a significant role in aesthetic experience.

Now, after building up on the composite nature of cinema as an art-form, let me turn towards the socio-cultural changes in particular and overall haul in general the cinema has brought about in the society. We can say that (1) our social ties have undergone a significant change in the way we look up to our family, our brothers, sisters- ideal concept of wife, obedient husband, powerful godman like friend- it has all changed because of the films, it has in some cases made us more reserve and in some instances broadened our horizon to our family-ties, a friend is not just a friend he has become an unpaid therapist, a mother has become a friend and savior- they are no longer subjected to the age-old task of “mothering or fathering” Kahani 2.0, drishyam movie, the family stone and parent-hood such movies serve a thriving example for my assertion significantly.

The next aspect is that (2) films have changed the social structure; how we look down upon the people from other caste groups for example the movie about sinhalese tamil, aboriginals, kashmiri pandits, or red indians of America, so on and so forth, it has undergone a significant change, Kashmir files, Article 15, and movies of these genre have given us a different lens to view things- it has provided a platform for people suffering from mental disorder in the case of chandra-mukhi Avni in Bhool-Bhulaiya, Dear zindagi, Young sheldon etc. We no longer look with an eye of disgust at them and segregate them on the basis of caste, creed, sex, or religion or color- the black americans have risen in the rate of acceptance and adaptability in some white regions in the U.S.A as per survey conducted.

CONCLUSION:
An effective movie, with desirable communication goal and expressive performances can have a long-lasting impact on the mind, personality, education of a man- it makes who he “really is”– it shapes his life and guides his actions, just as the concept of justice in the mind of people of Plato’s theory of form, that have guided them and their predicaments. Be it employment, lifestyle, work-ethics, social setting and any metaphysical question- we all have turned towards the movies. This was an excerpt of my research on art and film appreciation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato

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DEBATE SURROUNDING SURROGACY

Chaitanya Sharma — Sat, 15 Jun 2024 07:13:39 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
In surrogacy, a woman is artificially inseminated with a man‘s sperm. The woman not only bears his child in her womb but later on after the birth of the child also hands over that child to the man and his wife to be brought up as their child. In this method, the egg and sperm are united in a culture dish, where the egg is fertilized and the resulting embryo is implanted in the woman‘s uterus. Surrogate parenting is a scientific extension of the natural ability to reproduce. Surrogacy has become an attractive alternative for young couples to overcome the problems of adopting children and thereby to reduce high infertility rate

MAIN BODY:
Surrogacy is often thought to be a ‘treatment’ option for the infertile or an alternative to adoption, and so to be celebrated in fulfilling people’s desires to be parents. However, surrogacy also brings a wealth of more complex ethical issues around gender, labor, payment, exploitation and inequality. One of the major concerns that raise the issue of human rights is that of commoditization of children in commercial surrogacy because it places the reproductive capacity of the woman in the market place. This is because the removal of the act of childbearing from the idea of motherhood treats women as “objects of reproductive exchange” by effectively “renting” wombs and devaluing childbearing.

Instances of exploitation of surrogates are more in case of international commercial surrogacy where surrogates are from poor background and are often forced by their in-laws to consent to such procedure that can earn the livelihood for the whole family. This raises the question of whether they are really exercising free choice in the matter, or whether a lack of economic alternatives gives surrogates no other feasible option. Their lack of legal or medical knowledge and the fact they are being offered sums of money which to them seem huge, make it difficult for surrogates to have equal bargaining power against the comparatively wealthy and powerful clinics and commissioning parents they contract with.

According to the opinions opposite to the surrogate maternity practices, it means “selling the female body”. The surrogacy is compared to the prostitution in the literature, whereby the women are claimed to sell their uteri, and forgive the control of their own bodies. The opponents of the surrogate maternity and the contract of surrogacy claim that such practices make the children a product that could be purchased and sold. Furthermore, the child is treated as a tool to satisfy the needs of the other people, so that the child rights are infringed.

the intended mother’s risk of carrying a pregnancy to term. This is especially important if the intended mother is at a more advanced maternal age or she has underlying medical problems that could negatively affect her pregnancy, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, kidney or liver disease, and autoimmune conditions, among others. These conditions can put the baby at risk as well, so using a surrogate would eliminate the risks posed by these medical problems. Most women choose surrogacy due to either having a medical condition that would put them at risk if they were to carry a pregnancy or because they are in an advanced maternal age. But for whatever reason a woman chooses surrogacy, this still means she can go about her life without having to accommodate being pregnant, such as the normal emotional stressors that occur with pregnancy as well as the often uncomfortable physical changes or unpredictable effects on future health. There are no rights or wrongs involved in any of the various reasons a woman might consider using a surrogate to have a baby. A surrogate will not have to endure any financial difficulties for her pregnancy, as the intended parents will pay for all of her pregnancy-related costs (including maternity clothes, doctor’s care and more).

CONCLUSION:
In more recent years, surrogate pregnancy has ignited a maelstrom of controversy in which scholars, politicians, judges, scientists, and religious authorities debate the definition of family and kinship. Like adoption, surrogate pregnancy is not an isolated phenomenon but rather it overlaps with a myriad of other social issues, such as wealth distribution, race and color-blindness, gender equality, and children‘s rights, all of which come into play when defining family bonds and relationships.It has been described as ―gift of love or ―gift of life as well as termed as ―rent a womb‖ depending on the particular viewpoint adopted towards it. Regardless of its benefits, surrogacy has also generated considerable moral and ethical debate.Surrogacy inherently transforms a woman’s body into a ‘bread oven’, a commodity, to be used and cared for while it is useful, and to be forgotten once the “contract” is fulfilled. Due to the uncertainty prevailing over the various issues surrounding surrogacy, it is considered as an ethical mine-field.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

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PAUL VALERY ON ART

Chaitanya Sharma — Sat, 15 Jun 2024 07:00:54 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
“How do we know that an object is a work of art, or that a system of acts is performed with a view to art?”
Paul Valery was a French philosopher and in the essay idea of art, he tries to investigate art, its nature and characteristics. The meaning of art, its quality or value changes, depending on what type of artist is and who is the artist. The idea of art is as follows:

MAIN BODY:
He states that the ways of doing that involves voluntary actions or actions initiated by the will we understand that it is a self willed Exercise and not forced upon us by any external pressure or force. We find that art is in everything. There is an artistic way of walking, breathing and even in silence. The artist is created by an artist and there are two characteristics surf facing the idea of artist, the first is, Native aptitude, which is also called as his or her inalienable Personal gift, and the second is what he or she has learnt or required through experience, which can be put to words and can be forwarded to the succeeding generations that may be coming.

Hence, Paul says that art can be learnt but not whole art. This difference is easier to state then to actually discern it in a practical example provided by a particular case. Therefore, it is said that “art is the quality of the way of doing which is due to dismal emotes of operations and hence in the results arising from dissimilarities of agents”. He has provided, even within this difference, the chief attribute of the work of art which can be termed as uselessness.

This could be understood as in the sensations, impressions, and perception when we annul it, We do not dwell in it because it is not playing a major role in our life supporting system. Additionally, it could be arbitrary as well because we receive more sensations that are necessary, and we use extra to fashion something without any specific purpose. Therefore, art is originated in the attempt to endow these sensations with the kind of utility and act with a kind of necessity, however, this utility and necessity is not universal, but they are subjectively understood and personally interpret it, specifically by individual.

Art has prompted significant modification to the conventional understanding of sensitivity. It is believed to be receptive, but it must be given credit for producing. It means that the mental images as well as their effect will have same contrast and symmetry, re relationships and more importantly, the same system of endlessly repeated regeneration that we have seen particularly in the specialized sensibilities. He has provided a different idea as well, which talks about the man’s ability to manipulate the matter which has underwent a steady develop, developed more robust and better precisely because of all these advantages that development of art has been made possible.

But Paul has a contrasting perspective on this as well that while art has created a full fledged market presence in this utilitarian capitalistic tradition only to preserve this creative sensibility, but because of technological advancement man’s sensibility may eventually become less flexible due to the growth and intensity of this disorder that these astounding innovations have created within the deep fragments of a person’s thought.

The sensibility, oppressed and opposed to “vacant idleness” because “sensibility in its beginning, beginning and end abhors vacuum” And to overcome absence and have positive effect in life, there is a constant exchange between potentiality and activity within the sensibility. It is not limited to responding. Sometimes it demands and then produces for itself as he believed that art should be an embodiment of beauty, harmony and proportion.

It was his idea that could be defined through the inner quality of the artist, creativity, as well as the perceptions of the viewers. Language and symbolism is important to art because any aesthetic matter must go beyond the surface appearance of things and has to necessarily reveal structures of reality. Symbolism is a way of expressing, revealing and understanding the hidden associations that lie underneath the surface of ordinary perception aspects.

CONCLUSION:
To conclude, we can say that there have been many criticism against this theory that it is abstract very complex and has a challenging language which could be not easily understood by ordinary people, but any contextual discussion does not results in the particular material becoming dull or de philosophy related to knowledge, enhancement and enlightenment, and this theory is precisely doing that higher goal task His idea which revolves around the notion that art is not passive, reproduction of reality, but transformative process that engages sense, emotions, and intellect of the viewer is a very groundbreaking finding in the world of art. As he says that the work of art is never finished, it is nearly abandoned, which suggests that it is continuous without any full stop or commas- It is like the river which keeps on flowing. It gives us inspiration. It stimulates our senses and provides us with an undying sense of aesthetic pleasure, and that is what art is all about.

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REFERENCES:
https://frenchquest.com/2022/02/04/paul-valery-the-idea-of-art/

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ART AND MORALITY WITH RASA: M. HIRIYANNA

Chaitanya Sharma — Sat, 15 Jun 2024 06:55:39 +0000

INTRODUCTION:
Art and morality came into existence because morality assist in changing the state of being from selfish to un selfish attitude, which lapses into art, letting us escape empirical reality by providing ideal world. Art experience is something of a realizable experience and it is a synthesis that is, it is unitive, Synthesis comprehensively, compromising attitude. It is in its unitiveness, That it leads to creativity in Indian context, the same truth which is it is such Anand and comprehensive and absolute Brahman in the normal context it is called as: “Satyam Shivam Sundaram” Let us understand the suspect, which is given by philosopher Mysore Hiriyanna.

MAIN BODY:
Philosophers have stated that the ultimate objective of philosophic quest is not knowledge as much as it has been the ultimate freedom. Indian philosophy is a way of life and thought, and like ethics, aesthetics depend majorly on philosophy, aiming at influencing life. He questions as to whether there has been such a kinder kinship relationship between these two aspects. He raises these questions that it could be the case that while knowing what is good, we have ignored what is beautiful, which means that we have neglected the other Indian aesthetics is based on two main views that are as follows:

The soul doctrine of Upanishadic School, that the ultimate reality is not external, but rather Internal to the man’s own self and world of sensory perception is at best appearance of the ultimate truth- Brahman satya, jagat mithya; The second idea is the ultimate goal has to be realized in this world. This marks the highest conception of the freedom and to live a harmony, peace, and a life in which we do not have to distinguish our interest, but rather expand them, we need to have a passion, less purity, and equal love and respect for all of these things. This is influenced Indian theory of art. But how exactly these two things have casted they are impression on the Indian aesthetic theory that is very interesting. So now let us see that.

He give the example of the first poet in the case of “Bahama, vamana, Dandin” And said that the Pracīn School of poetry dealt with dosas, gunas and alamkaras, They believed in the outward expression of poetry, which is the word, and the sense known as, shabda and artha. We had doasa and Gunas What cons of excellence in poetic art is absence of one and presence of the other.
However, in the case of Navīna school, As they have given the instance of Dhvanyāloka, In this, they believe that, Navīna school Pointed out that whatever in sound sub serves the poetic end in view is called as Gunas And whatever does not is called as doasa; It could be argued that they have expanded the definitions which were provided by Pracīn school.

The artistic expression conveys, imaginative or emotive mode, Art represents the spontaneous expression of responsive mind when it is under the influence of imaginative or emotive mood. It was found that there is a peculiar fitness in the emotive mood to convey tea chains, and also to please. Poetry had two aims. The first one was direct, which is giving of a static pleasure known as sadhyaparanvrtti, And the indirect one is of contributing to the refinement of the character, the case of Emotive mood (Rasa) Was that it can do both of these ideas. Fill the poetry with both of these points equally and express. These two identities sign significantly within any poetic material made this mood more important than vastu or alamkara, This is the major change when we have the Sanskrit point, which states that “rasa Is the Atman of the poetry” This shows the dependence of this idea on the doctrine of Ātman, which has been leveled by upanishadic school.

According to the view of Vedanta, they say that Rasa has the immediate aim of pure delight and enjoyment, but the beauty is disclosed only to the inward ice as it has been contended by Hiriyanna, That “true beauty is neither expressive words nor noble objectively, it can only be realized.” In the case of Sankhya School, we find that the aesthetic attitude is characterized as forgetting because it is an escape from the natural empirical practical world. The difference could be further pointed out that the one reveals best in nature and the other reveals something better than nature.

CONCLUSION:
The poet ideas the object in depicting them, and it is in this process, they are realized and raised to the level of art and acquire aesthetic significance. By providing the example of kalidasa, bhavabhuti’s Uttar-Rama-caritra, Hiriyanna Attempts to say that the emotional situation portrait has been absorbed by this expression, and it has resulted in the aesthetic pleasure of rasa, i.e. hridaya samvada in tanmayibhavana causing in Rasāmubhava. This has completely concluded the Indian aesthetic theory, which has been Postulated by M. Hiriyanna.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art

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