The daily waste produced per person is 0.74 kg. It means millions of tons of trash are being made every day. This is quite apparent in a country with a total population of 140 crores. Thus, it leads to heavy problems of waste management in the country. Given the vast magnitude of waste generated by all of us, the need for urgent and creational intervention becomes equally important from an on-government purview.

They have their waste management methods – from simple separation and recycling to complex measures such as waste-to-energy strategies, landfill gas extraction, and scientific discard management among others. Working to eliminate waste from our landfills, such strategies also lend themselves to a more sustainable and resource-recovering mindset. The source segregation of waste is a primary step in waste management to recycle and treat the various materials part of waste. What are the ways that government use to manage these wastes? How viable are these strategies? This blog shall deal with the fundamental ways of waste management. 

Ways of waste management 

Landfills

The garbage here is laid in the form of thin layers of soil. This especially includes the non-degradable waste which cannot be recycled. Then another thin layer of soil is laid above it. When it appears brownish, it is allowed to be used for construction work or serve as a parks to the general public. This makes waste management feasible for authorities. 

Vermicomposting  

Here some special worms such as Eisenia fetida (commonly known as red wigglers) or Lumbricus rubellus, are in organic waste materials. They are used to convert the biodegradable wastes into manure for agriculture. For the practice, a bedding material is prepared for the worms made from shredded paper, cardboard or coconut coir mixed with moisture to create a little worm heaven. This organic waste is then mixed in with the bedding where worms can consume and digest it. The worms digest the waste and excrete it as a rich, dark, crumbly material called vermicast or worm castings. The vermicast is loaded with useful bacteria and essential nutrients, which provides a nice fertility to the soil. This helps the farmers to get a good harvest with nutrient-rich soil with efficient waste management. 

Incineration

Incineration is a process of combustion of waste materials in a controlled manner. Here it can be polluting therefore the gases are treated before it is allowed to get into the air. Here the energy generated is used for the production of electricity. Typically incinerating simplicity gods is wasted materials, gotten into rooms where they are burnt containment cells that usually surpass 850°C (1562°F). A high-temperature treatment eliminates organic substances hence reducing garbage amount by ninety per cent. It is easy to manage this resulting ash whose make-up is mostly inorganic substance due to its smaller size, either through dumping alongside other less useful pieces that take up space or through adding onto structures. However, due to the production of greenhouse gases, it is sometimes not considered environmentally friendly. 

Biogas generation

All the biodegradable waste materials are sent to biogas plants. Here with the action of bacteria and fungi, the wastes are converted into biogas. This can be used for supplying fuel for cooking or other purposes. It is indeed green energy and is a good substitute for non-renewable energy. 

Recycling 

You can recycle most of the domestic waste generated in your house. Similar industries also use many recycling techniques to save cost and energy. This allows the reuse of those materials which once called as waste. For instance, many companies are using their plastic waste to produce sculptures that can be used for decoration purposes.  

Plasma gasification  

It is a waste management technique that is used to convert waste into energy. The carbon-based materials are exposed to high temperatures and converted to syngas, a gas that can either be directly combusted or further refined into chemicals and higher-grade fuels. The non-organic part of the waste is converted to slag–cooled, tightly bound solid waste which can be used in construction as a raw material.  

Benefits of using eco-friendly waste management mechanisms 

Reduced pollution: – 

It tends to reduce environmental pollution significantly. When the wastes rather than being burnt are used to generate energy, it becomes environment friendly. 

Substitute to non-renewable energy:-

There are limited energy resources present on the earth. Therefore we require alternate forms of energy resources. The efficient waste management technique can generate enough energy that can be used for our daily needs. Thus it can act as an alternate energy source for us. 

Increases employment opportunities:-

Recycling and reuse of wastes requires manpower. Therefore it created a tremendous amount of employment opportunities that ensured the income of many families. 

Thus in a nutshell we shall conclude that the tons of waste that are being produced daily need an effective and eco-friendly way for its disposal. The materials that are taken from the environment need to be returned in a similar fashion.

References

Pexels, Freeepik, Wate management

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The social change introduced by the cinema has done more good or bad to our society? What is the place of censorship in the context of films and how can we justify their existence on a crucial aspect of art?

Films are said to be the composite art form primarily because they are produced by a series of various other art objects and aesthetic entities are holistically included in the making of a film shot, it has camera- photography, literature, songs, dialogues, technology, editing, screenplay of emotions, robust-feelings, great acting sequel in parallel cinema that is closely related to the European socio-cultural heading, it is composed of various art-forms, promotion production and manufacturing is also closely associated to various novel ways which signifies its abbreviation as a composite art-form, an art form that been curated by addition of all other art-forms. The ordinary spatio-temporal experiences and the marvelous sadharanikaran during films plays a significant role in aesthetic experience.

Now, after building up on the composite nature of cinema as an art-form, let me turn towards the socio-cultural changes in particular and overall haul in general the cinema has brought about in the society. We can say that (1) our social ties have undergone a significant change in the way we look up to our family, our brothers, sisters- ideal concept of wife, obedient husband, powerful godman like friend- it has all changed because of the films, it has in some cases made us more reserve and in some instances broadened our horizon to our family-ties, a friend is not just a friend he has become an unpaid therapist, a mother has become a friend and savior- they are no longer subjected to the age-old task of “mothering or fathering” Kahani 2.0, drishyam movie, the family stone and parent-hood such movies serve a thriving example for my assertion significantly.

The next aspect is that (2) films have changed the social structure; how we look down upon the people from other caste groups for example the movie about sinhalese tamil, aboriginals, kashmiri pandits, or red indians of America, so on and so forth, it has undergone a significant change, Kashmir files, Article 15, and movies of these genre have given us a different lens to view things- it has provided a platform for people suffering from mental disorder in the case of chandra-mukhi Avni in Bhool-Bhulaiya, Dear zindagi, Young sheldon etc. We no longer look with an eye of disgust at them and segregate them on the basis of caste, creed, sex, or religion or color- the black americans have risen in the rate of acceptance and adaptability in some white regions in the U.S.A as per survey conducted.


CONCLUSION:
An effective movie, with desirable communication goal and expressive performances can have a long-lasting impact on the mind, personality, education of a man- it makes who he “really is”– it shapes his life and guides his actions, just as the concept of justice in the mind of people of Plato’s theory of form, that have guided them and their predicaments. Be it employment, lifestyle, work-ethics, social setting and any metaphysical question- we all have turned towards the movies. This was an excerpt of my research on art and film appreciation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato

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Filicide refers to an act of killing one own’s child. This is something unfathomable crime which has a variety of factors influencing such behavior. In India, the gradual increase of this crime is something that requires a limelight. Being a parent is something a matter of responsibility and pride. However how this situation is turning itself upside down? This blog shall discuss some important issues and ramifications in the context of filicides. 

Was it a practice in history? 

Although no such concrete proof of filicide can be gathered from pages of history however we can infer that this practice was apparent. Especially in the case of a woman who used to become a mother without marriage. They either used to kill their child or leave anywhere to get the child in the hands of luck. In cases of severe war where there was an apprehension of getting brutally murdered by enemies, then parents tend to kill their children. Some instances are also recorded during the partition of India where communal riots also led to some filicides. For the sake of ‘family honor’ especially females were killed. However, these are some recorded situational factors of history. Although the political makeup of this society has gradually changed fillicide remains apparent. The psychological context here is something complex in nature. 

Types of filicides 

While describing the reasons for such actions, files have been classified by American psychiatrist Phillip Resnick based on motives here 

Altruistic filicide:-

Where parents kill their child for the “ best interest of the child”. When they see death as something in their best interest especially in war zones or any other reason they tend to kill their child. 

Psychotic filicide:-

Where the parent kills the child without any severe reason because of some psychotic experiences. 

Unwanted filicide:-

Here the parent tends to kill their child when they see their child as a hindrance to their social benefit. 

Accidental filicide:-

Where a parent kills their child as a result of some neglect. 

Spouse revenge filicide:

Where with the motive of taking revenge on one’s spouse one tends to kill one’s child. 

They found jealousy, unemployment poor literacy, substance abuse, etc. Some of the vital factors influencing this filicide. Sometimes very high degree of neuroticism tends to affect this filicide.  

Case of filicides 

One of the founders of an AI startup has been allegedly involved in filicide action.

Total cases of filicides have been recorded as 0.6 to 2.1 percent out of 100000 children below 15 years of age in India. 

“The burden of childcare often falls on the mother. The expectations from her are huge from her own family and society, without looking or addressing her own physical and mental health,” said Prof Prabha S Chandra, Psychiatry 

However, filicide is undoubtedly a violation of human and child rights in the country. This becomes apparent that psychotic issues are something that is significantly ignored in society. The legal measures althoigh can maintain order in society however it is not possible to eradicate this kind of unfathomable problem out of the box without addressing the root cause here.  

Kota deaths: a mental filicide? 

Mental filicide is in a sense what the Supreme Court in its words quoted by stating wrong the blame games on coaching institutions. It rather blamed the higher expectations of Parents which are forcing children to push themselves towards death beds. A home is a place where that child has to feel comfortable. It is the responsibility of a civilized nation to at least provide a comfortable place to survive. However, the cases in Kota are something which is in contrast to the expectations. If a 14-15 year child is struggling in Kota with a known fact that the abundance of fees has been spent on her with no mental support the annual deaths at Kota seems to be expected. A total number of students entered there, everybody couldn’t return, making the place a war zone for seats. 

Solutions and way ahead: It is possible to stop 

1. To stop such killings it is very important and a national responsibility of the government to hire the mental health specialist wherever needed 
2. Legal process must be made stringent in case of violation of child rights. Children must be aware of the apprehensions regarding their security and the preventive measures. 
3. Schools must be strict towards parental training to avoid accidental filicide 
4. The indirect causes like literacy rate, poverty, and crimes involved must be scrutinized by authorities 
5. There must be protection for those children whose parents are undergoing some divorce-related issues. 

Thus in a nutshell we shall conclude that this is a concept that generally remains in vain in society. Thus to make society a civilized nation to live in we must provide adequate parental guidance and children’s protection. The human rights violation contains filicide as an essential component in it. 

 References

Times of India

Indian Express

Freepik images

Wikipedia

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Sher or Shayari has a very rich cultural history in India. It is one of the important and famous ways to express emotion in Urdu and Hindi literature. Where your emotions get expressed in versatile words or Urdu language that gives the essence to your emotion. Thus in Urdu and Hindi literature sher-o-Shayari has a very significant role to play.  

Ranging from Shayar  Mirza Ghalib to Iqbal, we can witness the grandeur of Sher in India. There are many, who have made their careers through sher-o-shayri in entertainment and educational industry. Thus the significance of this talent has a vital role to play in today’s Indian social context 

Sher o Shayari is a concept that is unique to India. Although it is apparent in many other South Asian countries, the grandeur of its development in India has its own story. 

Delhi University is one of the reputed universities in this country. So why keep our students apart from such a talent which is getting diminished day by day? 

Why sharyi is a talent? 

Everyone has human emotions but not everyone can express them. It is the method of expression that any person connected with literature in any way gains fame in this industry. Shary incorporates choosing the appropriate words in a rhythm and tuning that provides the essence of the feeling that one wants. Thus if a person is a good shyer then a person is a good persuader as it involves the linguistic skills required.  

The fact that persons who have an upper edge in language always have an extra advantage in the field in which they are working. Along with what we want to say, the way we say it affects a lot. Proposals through Shayri, shayri involves feelings of respect, love, hate, etc. are not very novel concepts. Thus the domain that Sharyi is holding has its significance. 

Thus a person who has very good linguistic skills in the field of Shayri is unique from person to person. Uniqueness is the thing that provides this skill fame of talent 

For instance  

In English we say “ Out of all people, you misunderstood me” but in sharing, you will refer to it in a way, “ Use meri beat ab samjh me nahi aati, jo meri khamoshiyon ki tafseer likha karta tha” 

Also in English, we say, “It’s overthinking” but in Shayri, you will say, “Wo bate kha gayi mujhko jinko pee gaya tha me” 

Why not have sher-o-shayari societies in DU? 

College societies play a very vital role in the holistic development of students. Thus to have a good linguistic development, to have cultural pride, and to enjoy memories, why can’t we start societies is Delhi University that will solely deal with sher—o – shayri? How is the idea to hold inter-college competitions to organize Sher-o-Shayari at Delhi University that will help all literature enthusiasts to participate in such competitions? 

Unfortunately, this culture is missing in campuses which led to a waste of linguistic talent from campuses. Thus there is a need that we must move forward to establish such a society in nearly every college at Delhi University that will help to holistic development of students. We must not forget the fact that our ex-prime minister dr. Manmohan Singh was also a good fan of Shayri and his answers in the form of Shayari in parliament are still trending on Instagram. 

How will it add value to students? 

1. It will help students to appreciate their culture through this. It will help in the development of national pride. 
2. This will upskill the linguistic ability of students to put their emotions in an interesting way 
3. It tends to  foster creativity among students to innovate new ideas and learn new words to put things forward 
4. It will help studnets to learn teamwork and community building. It will help students to apply this knowledge in their practical life 
5. It tends to help students learn emotional intelligence and remove the fear of public speaking from their hearts through the culture of appreciation in sher –o-shayri( irshad) 

Thus in a nutshell, we must say that this culture of sher- o-shayri must be developed at Delhi University. This will provide a good stress relief time for students from their hectic schedule of the whole day. This can only be possible through cumulative action of all of us. The essence of sharyri is well known among the civilized community of writers. For instance, one Shayr expresses the need for affiliation in his words, “ Koi puch le humse ki kis baat ka gam hai toh kis baat ka gam hai ki wo puch le humse” Thus gys its time for new initiative. Please ask your teachers and authorities to initiate this idea. I assure you that it will be a really good experience. 

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One of the widespread problems that 25.7 percent of the total population of India is suffering from is Insomnia. Insomnia refers to the state of sleepless nights where one constantly tries to sleep but can’t get into it. Even if the person gets into it, it becomes very difficult for the person to cover all the stages of their sleep. Thus she never reaches deep sleep. Constantly mind is triggering thoughts regarding some of the issues of the day thereby creating anxiety. Are you the same person to suffers sleepless nights? If yes then this blog is for you. 

Why are you suffering? 

Except for the genetic and biological causes, if you are suffering from insomnia it can have psychological causes behind it. The high amount of anxiety and stress is one of the widespread reasons that you tend to wake up at night. If you are suffering from any devastating problem in your life then also you can suffer it. It is mostly prevalent among employees in the corporate and students. One of the problematic facts is that students of an average of 16 years and above are the victims of this.  

One of the data shows that 50.1% of total university students in India are suffering from insomnia causing this problem to convert into an epidemic. Thus if this does not get prevented then it will tend to reduce the average life span of humans. Persons suffering from such mental problems tend to reduce their life span. They are also vulnerable to many physical diseases when this anxiety takes its psychosomatic form in the form of insomnia. 

Major causes behind insomnia can be listed as follows:- 

1. Stress 

1. Poor sleep habits 

1. Eating too much late in the night 

1. Mental health disorders 

1. Sleep disorders 

1. Caffeine 

1. Substance abuse 

Symptoms of insomnia

As per some of the symptoms pointed out by mayoclinc.org if you have some or all of these symptoms then you are a victim of this disease. 

• Having a hard time falling asleep at night. 

• Waking up during the night. 

• Waking up too early. 

• Feeling tired or sleepy during the day. 

• Feeling cranky, depressed, or anxious. 

• Having a hard time paying attention, focusing on tasks, or remembering. 

• Making more errors or having more accidents. 

• Having ongoing worries about sleep. 

Social reasons for insomnia 

Insomnia also has some social reasons. It means that social context has a vital role to play if you are having sleepless nights. We have to consider the fact that rare situations of sleepless nights must not be categorized as insomnia. It is a problem when we are facing such nights constantly. Also if you are a night owl who loves to read and study at night but is happy to manage a minimum 8 hours of sleep a day, then it is not a problem. However, if you are constantly trying to sleep but can’t sleep but can’t get a sound sleep then you must move to a psychologist. 

A person in love spending sleepless nights isn’t just limited to novels of Shakespeare. It also has some sort of reality in it. Also person in distress or suffering from bereavement suffers the same. There are a lot of social problems and personal trauma which are responsible for this situation. Thus in all such cases, you must reach out to a mental health specialist to get a solution. It is completely not okay if you are ignoring this situation as this will create catastrophic consequences for your health and social life. 

Prevention from insomnia 

Thus it becomes necessary that you take the required action if you want to prevent this problem from disturbing you. This can include:- 

1. You can fix a sleep schedule if you are at the initial stage. Please keep the time to sleep and awake the same. 

1. Physical activity can help your body to release stored energy and produce new energy thus helping you to deal with this problem. 

1. Please try to avoid nicotin alcohol or any substance abuse. 

1. You can have a shower before going to sleep. This will help you to relax 

1. Please keep your bedroom away from your professional life. You must carry on your official work at any other place 

However, in case of severe symptoms, you must go to a mental health specialist to have the required therapies and treatment. 

Thus it can be concluded that insomnia seems to be a very huge problem, especially for youth. For a variety of reasons, it becomes very difficult for patients here to sleep. This in turn has a severe impact on the daily life of patients. Thus this must be taken care of from the stage when it is at its mild form to avoid any kind of severe symptoms. Remember that 8 hours of sleep is mandatory for having a fulfilled life. So please maintain a very good sleep cycle of yourself. 

References

mayoclinic.org, NIHgov.in

images- Freepik

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